Eastern Short-toed Lark

The eastern short-toed lark here corresponds to the form dukhunensis, a former subspecies of the greater short-toed lark that was split off with the Mongolian short-toed lark in 2016. The greater short-toed lark is a small, pale lark with dark-streaked grey-brown upperparts, white underparts, a pointed pinkish bill and a dark tail, and the sexes look alike (Wikipedia, general species account).

The group lives in dry open country and cropland, eating mainly seeds plus insects when breeding, and forms large tight flocks in winter that move in unison. It nests on the ground with two or three eggs. Most populations migrate south to India, and winter flocks can be a bird-strike risk at airfields in South Asia. The source does not describe the eastern form or name Nepal (Wikipedia, general species account).